Your Retirement - Part 2 -FAQ

To Fix or Recalculate, That is the Question


The second consideration is not so straightforward. At your required beginning date, you may elect the "fixed" or "recalculation" method of determining your minimum distributions. As their names imply, under the first approach the portions of your retirement plan that you must withdraw is based on your life expectancy and that of your designated beneficiary on the required beginning date and it never changes. Under the second approach, you withdraw a bit less than under the fixed approach each year because your life expectancy and that of your designated beneficiary are recalculated each year. The choice makes little difference during the first few years, but the longer you live the better off you are with the recalculation method. Under the fixed approach, when you and your spouse reach age 90 you will have withdrawn everything. But if one of you reaches that age your life expectancy will still be five years, meaning that you would only have to withdraw one fifth of what remained in your plan that year if you had opted for the recalculation method.


On the other hand, if you choose the recalculation method after one of you dies, you will have to base future distributions on the survivor's life expectancy alone. If one spouse dies at a young age, this choice could accelerate minimum distributions. So, what's the best approach? Some experts recommend always using the fixed methods. Others recommend always using the recalculation method unless you or your spouse has a shortened life expectancy for one reason or another. In short, there's no answer that's right for everyone. What you choose may depend on predictions of your longevity and that of your spouse based on your health and the lifespan of other family members. If you designate someone other than your spouse as your beneficiary, you may not elect the recalculation method with respect to his life expectancy, only for your own.


Post-Death Treatment of Retirement Plans

What happens to retirement plans after the participant dies depends on whether the decedent had named a designated beneficiary, whether that designated beneficiary is the decedent's spouse, and whether the participant died before or after her required beginning date. If the participant dies before her required beginning date and has not named a designated beneficiary, all of the plan must be distributed before the end of the fifth calendar year after her death. This is often referred to as the five-year rule. On the other hand, if the decedent had named a designated beneficiary, the assets may be distributed over the beneficiary's life expectancy. If the beneficiary is not the decedent's spouse, the distributions must begin by the end of the calendar year after the participant died. If the beneficiary is the surviving spouse, distributions must begin by the end of the calendar year in which he reaches age 70 ½ or the calendar year after the participant's death, whichever is later.

Again, these rules show the importance of designated a beneficiary. Without a designated beneficiary, the heir must take distributions of the entire plan within five years and pay income taxes on such distributions. With a designated beneficiary, the heir can take distributions over his life expectancy, which for a 38-year-old child, for instance, would be 44.4 years. The ultimate difference to the heir may total hundreds of thousands of dollars over time, depending on the value of the retirement plan. You may designate more than one beneficiary, but the minimum distributions will be based on the life expectancy of your oldest beneficiary. Don't name a non-person, such as a charity, as a beneficiary of your plan or the five-year rule will apply to all of your beneficiaries.

If the plan participant dies after her required beginning date, again the outcome depends on whether she named a spouse as her designated beneficiary. If she did not designate a beneficiary, the heirs would be required to withdraw the entire plan within one year of the death of the participant.

The spouse has an option not available to other designated beneficiaries. He can roll the plan over into his own plan and it will be treated as if he had always been the owner. This means he can postpone withdrawals until his required beginning date and designate a new beneficiary.

A non-spouse designated beneficiary may withdraw from the plan based on her life expectancy and that of the decedent (unless the decedent elected the recalculation method, in which case the beneficiary must make withdrawals based on her life expectancy alone). Note, that in cases where the beneficiary is considerably younger than the decedent, this will allow smaller distributions than before the plan participant's death since the beneficiary will no longer be deemed to be only 10 years younger than the participant.

In part 3 we will discuss the different IRA's

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